Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cervix — the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.

Human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, play a  major role in causing most cervical cancer.

SYMPTOMS OF CERVICAL CANCER

Early-stage cervical cancer generally produces no signs or symptoms.

Signs and symptoms of more-advanced cervical cancer include:

• Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause
• Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor
• Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse

CAUSES OF CERVICAL CANCER

Cervical cancer begins when healthy cells in the cervix develop changes (mutations) in their DNA. A cell's DNA contains the instructions that tell a cell what to do.

Healthy cells grow and multiply at a set rate, eventually dying at a set time. The mutations tell the cells to grow and multiply out of control, and they don't die. The accumulating abnormal cells form a mass (tumor). Cancer cells invade nearby tissues and can break off from a tumor to spread (metastasize) elsewhere in the body.

It isn't clear what causes cervical cancer, but it's certain that HPV plays a role. HPV is very common, and most people with the virus never develop cancer. This means other factors — such as your environment or lifestyle  — also determine whether you'll develop cervical cancer.

TYPES OF CERVICAL CANCER

The type of cervical cancer that you have helps determine your prognosis and treatment. The main types of cervical cancer are:

• Squamous cell carcinoma. This type of cervical cancer begins in the thin, flat cells (squamous cells) lining the outer part of the cervix, which projects into the vagina. Most cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas.
• Adenocarcinoma. This type of cervical cancer begins in the column-shaped glandular cells that line the cervical canal.

Sometimes, both types of cells are involved in cervical cancer. Very rarely, cancer occurs in other cells in the cervix.

RISK FACTORS

Risk factors for cervical cancer include:

• Many sexual partners. The greater your number of sexual partners — and the greater your partner's number of sexual partners — the greater your chance of acquiring HPV.
• Early sexual activity. Having sex at an early age increases your risk of HPV.
• Other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Having other STIs — such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and HIV/AIDS — increases your risk of HPV.
• A weakened immune system. You may be more likely to develop cervical cancer if your immune system is weakened by another health condition and you have HPV.
• Smoking. Smoking is associated with squamous cell cervical cancer.
• Exposure to miscarriage prevention drug. If your mother took a drug called diethylstilbestrol (DES) while pregnant in the 1950s, you may have an increased risk of a certain type of cervical cancer called clear cell adenocarcinoma.

PREVENTION OF CERVICAL CANCER

To reduce the risk of cervical cancer:

• Have routine Pap tests. Pap tests can detect precancerous conditions of the cervix, so they can be monitored or treated in order to prevent cervical cancer. Most medical organizations suggest beginning routine Pap tests at age 21 and repeating them every few years.
• Practice safe sex. Reduce your risk of cervical cancer by taking measures to prevent sexually transmitted infections, such as using a condom every time you have sex and limiting the number of sexual partners you have.
• Don't smoke. If you don't smoke, don't start. If you do smoke, talk to your doctor about strategies to help you quit.
• Do regular exercise

HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT OF CERVICAL CANCER

ODIUM:-  It is a cancerous growth of cervix because of hormonal imbalance because of dyspepsia, dysplasia, hypertrophy of cervical canal that lead to chronic discharges.
 Swelling and induration of ulcers mark weakness with menses & pain in thighs
 Inflammation of cervix with grade plug more than 1st degree neoplasia and changed in cervical gland
 Female pron to develop cancerous condition in early stage.
 Good remedy for uterine hemorrhage ;well indicated from ovaritish, wedge like pain from ovary to uterus.

 Kreosotum:-  It is indicated for carcinoma especially for squamous cell carcinoma of cervix
 It indicated at specially in menopausal age due to rapid decomposition of secretion
 Female having excessive vaginal bleeding after coition
 Swelling and rawness of cervix with copious, clotted, bleeding which stop suddenly and start again and reappear for long time.
 Excoriating discharge with granulation of vagina.
Irritation in vagina and vulva to overgrowth of cervix with intense itching and burning , follows by yellowish ,acrid leucorrhea , smell of green corn

Hydrastis:-  It is indicated in ulcerative type of cervical carcinoma
 Cervical erosion with discharge of blood or thick, yellowish and stringy discharges
 It is indicated to early stage of carcinoma to later stage of carcinoma
 In later stage of carcinoma this medicine remove offensiveness of discharges
 It modified pain and destructiveness cause by malignant cells
 Malignancy of cervical cell associated with gastric and hepatic derangement
Well indicated remedy for tumour of Breast , when nipple is retracted

Thuja:-
 Cervical carcinoma has tendency to spread specially over the vaginal surface of cervix to right and left fornices , so there are chance of invesion and inflammation of vagina
Endocervical carcinoma spread to cervical canal with infiltration
 Barrel shape cervix with hardness and associated with small over growth to uterine wall
 Vascular and papillary growth or malignant ulcers visible on cervical os

Nitric acid:-
Ulceration of cervix with easily suppurets and there is thin , offensive discharges ,chronic replacement of cells lead to malignant changes or malignant ulcers.
Patient having history of STD
Cancerous growth with spread very fast and in the latest stage there is involvement of bladder with offensive urination.e.t.c

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