BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME TREATMENT

BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME

Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic condition of burning intraoral pain, usually involving the tongue, in the absence of an identified cause.

Secondary burning mouth syndrome refers to similar symptoms caused by another disorder. Burning mouth syndrome is uncommon and usually affects postmenopausal women.

It is believed to be neurogenic, affecting central and peripheral nerves of pain and taste, and may be multifactorial in origin.

CAUSES BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME

• Nutritional deficiency (vitamin B12, vitamin B9 [folate])
• Anemia
• Diabetes mellitus
• Candida infection (candidiasis)
• Allergy (foods, dental products)
• Oral mucosal disorders (eg, stomatitis, lichen planus, pemphigoid)
• Xerostomia
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
• Oral parafunctional behavior (eg, tongue thrusting, clenching, bruxism)

SYMPTOMS CAUSES BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME

Burning mouth syndrome may cause burning, tingling, or numbness of the tongue, palate, lips, or other mucosal surfaces of the mouth, often bilaterally and sometimes in multiple foci. The pain can be significant and may occur daily. It may be constant or increase throughout the day and may be relieved by eating or drinking. Perceived dry mouth and altered taste may occur. Pain, as well as associated emotional issues (anxiety, depression), can be socially debilitating.

DIAGNOSIS OF BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME

Clinical evaluation

Tests to exclude secondary causes

Diagnosis of burning mouth syndrome requires oral symptoms as noted above and the absence of oral signs. Pain must occur on 50% of days, for > 2 hours per day.