Vitiligo is a disorder that causes the skin to lose its color. specific causes are unknown but studies suggest immune system changes .
vitiligo occurs when pigment producing cells die or stop functioning .
The only sign of vitiligo is the presence of pale patchy areas of depigmented skin which tend to occur on the extremities . some people may experiance itching before a new patches occurs. the patches are initially small but often grow and change shape . when skin lesion occur they are most prominent on the face hands and wrists. Those affected by vitiligo who are stigmatized for their condition may experiance depression and similar mood disorders.
Although multiple hypotheses have been suggested as potentiial triggers that cause vitiligo strongly imply that changes in the immune system are responsible for the condition.
-Immune, variations in genes that are part of the immune system or part of melanocytes have both been associated with vitiligo. it is also though to be caused by the immune system attacking and destroying the melanocytes of the skin.
-Autoimmune associations , vitiligo is sometimes associated with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as hashimoto's thyroiditis , scleroderma , rheumatoid orthritis , psoriasis, addison's diseases.
An ultravoilet light can be used in the early phase of this diseases for identification and to determine the effectiveness of treatment using a wood's light skin will change colour when it is affected by certain bacteria , fungi, and changes to pigmentation of the skin.
Classification attemps to quantity vitiligo have been analyzed as being somewhat inconsistent while recent consensus have agreed to a system of segmental vitilogo and non segmental vitiligo
Non segmental vitiligo :- in non segmental vitiligo there is usually some form of symmetry in the location of the patches of depigmentation.
Classes of non segmental vitiligo include the following :-
Segmental :- segmental vitiligo differs in appearance cause and frequency of associated illnesses . its treatment is different from that of nsv . it tends to affect areas of skin that are associated with dorsal roots from the spinal cord and is most often unilateral.
There is no cure for vitiligo but several treatment option are available . the best evidence is for applied steroid and the combination of ultravoilet light in combination with creams. Due to the higher risk of skin cancer the united kingdom's national health survice suggests phototherapy be used only if primary treatments are ineffective.
Immune mediators-skin camouflage
The change in appearance caused by vitiligo can affect a person's emotional and psychologocal wel being and may create difficulty in becoming or remaining employed particularly if vitiligo develops on visible areas of the body such as the face hands and arms . participating in a vitiligo support group may improve social caping skill and emotional resilience .
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