TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is physical injury to brain tissue that temporarily or permanently impairs brain function,TBI is a common cause of death and disability.

TYPES

• Acute subdural hematoma
• Basilar skull fracture
• Brain contusion
• Concussion
• Chronic subdural hematoma
• Diffuse axonal injury
• Epidural hematoma
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage

 COMMON CAUSES

• Falls(especially in older adults and young children)
• Motor vehicle crashes and other transportation-related causes (eg, bicycle crashes, collisions with pedestrians)
• Assaults
• Sports activities (eg, sports-related concussions)

SYMPTOMS:

• Increasing headache
• Decreased level of consciousness
• Headache
• Seizures
• Hemiparesis
• Symptoms of increased ICP
• Pupillary asymmetric, abnormal brain stem reflexes
• Hypertension (usually with increased pulse pressure)
• Bradycardia
• Respiratory depression
• Blood behind the tympanic membrane (hemotympanum) or in the external ear canal if the tympanic membrane has ruptured
• Ecchymosis behind the ear (Battle sign) or in the periorbital area (raccoon eyes)
• Loss of smell and hearing, which is usually immediate, although these losses will not be noticed until the patient regains consciousness
• Amnesia
• Behavioral changes (eg, agitation, impulsivity, disinhibition, lack of motivation)
• Emotional lability
• Sleep disturbances
• Decreased intellectual function.

DIAGNOSIS:

• X RAYS
• CT SCAN
• MRI
• CLINICAL EVALUATION
• CT ANGIOGRAPHY

HOMEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT

Arnica: Arnica is the best effective remedy for any kind of injury like falls, Blows or any kind of injury arising from blunt instruments to scalp, haematoma, concussions, and contusions, skull fractures  are all treated by this remedy, soon after a head injury a state of shock confusion drowsiness stupor that appears can be dealt with this remedy burning type of pain, soreness ,tenderness is a peculiar characteristic of this remedy.

Natrum Sulph: This remedy calls for when there is chronic effects of head injury, especially mental disturbances arising after a head injury, sadness, depression, tearfulness, aversion to living life and aversion to speech, suicidal thoughts are all peculiar characteristics, epilepsy and headache with pain in back and spine after a head injury is also well treated by this remedy

Cicuta virosa: Head injury followed by epilepsy, violent convulsions with distortion of limbs bending of head neck and spine backward froth from the mouth, rolling of eyes, dilated pupils, prolonged unconscious after head injury extreme weakness, noise, and visual disturbances aggravate complaints more , uncontrolled bladder and bowel are all peculiar features for this remedy

Helleborus Niger: Head injury which may cause mental disturbances such as confusion ,slowness of perception , inattention ,drowsiness dullness ,weakness ,loss of memory , unintelligible muttering ,constant thoughtless of starring at one point, rolling of head from side to side ,dilated pupils boring head are all characteristics feature for this remedy

Conium: Head injury followed by vertigo ,it becomes worse when turning the head sideways, lying down in bed and moving head may worsen vertigo ,noise or movement of eye can also lead to vertigo , stitching type of pain ,mental disturbances like memory loss  muttering of speech calls for this remedy