An arteriovenous (AV) fistula is an irregular connection between an artery and a vein. Usually, blood flows from the arteries to tiny blood vessels (capillaries), and then on to the veins. Nutrients and oxygen in the blood travel from the capillaries to tissues in the body. With an arteriovenous fistula, blood flows directly from an artery into a vein, avoiding some capillaries. When this happens, tissues below the avoided capillaries receive less blood. Arteriovenous fistulas usually occur in the legs but can develop anywhere in the body. An arteriovenous fistula may be surgically created for use in dialysis in people with severe kidney disease.
SYMPTOMS OF ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAS depend on where they form in the body. A large untreated arteriovenous fistula can lead to serious Complications.
CAUSES: -
Arteriovenous fistulas may be present at birth (congenital) or they may occur later in life (acquired). Causes of arteriovenous fistulas include:
Injuries that pierce the skin. An arteriovenous fistula may result from a gunshot or stab wound that occurs on a part of the body where a vein and artery are side by side.
Congenital arteriovenous fistulas. In some babies, the arteries and veins don't develop properly in the womb. It's unclear exactly why this happens.
Genetic conditions. Arteriovenous fistulas in the lungs (pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas) can be caused by a genetic disease that causes irregular blood vessels throughout the body, but especially in the lungs. One such disease is Osler-Weber-Rendu disease, also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Dialysis-related surgery. People who have late-stage kidney failure may have a surgery to create an arteriovenous fistula in the forearm to make it easier to perform dialysis.
The medicines that can be thought of use are:-
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