Basal body temperature (BBT)
Observation: There is “biphasic pattern” of temperature variation in ovulatory cycle. If pregnancy occurs, the rise of temperature sustains along with absence of the period. In anovulatory cycle, there is no rise of temperature throughout the cycle.
Principles: The rise of temperature is secondary to rise in progesterone output following ovulation. Progesterone is thermogenic. The primary reason for the rise is the increase in the production and secretion of norepinephrine which is also thermogenic.
Procedures: The patient is instructed to take her oral temperature daily on waking in the morning before rising out of the bed. The temperature is recorded on a special chart. Days when intercourse takes place should also be noted on the chart for better evaluation of coital frequency.
Interpretation: The body temperature maintaining throughout the first half of the cycle is raised to 0.5° to 1°F (0.2°–0.5°C) following ovulation. The rise sustains throughout the second half of the cycle and falls about 2 days prior to the next period–called 'biphasic pattern”. There may be a drop in the temperature to about 0.5°F before the rise and almost coincides with either LH surge or ovulation.
The demonstrable rise actually occurs about 2 days after the LH peak and with a peripheral level of progesterone greater than 5 ng/ml.
Clinical importance: Maintenance of BBT chart during investigation is of help in determining ovulation and timing of post-coital test, endometrial biopsy, cervical mucus or vaginal cytology study for ovulation. It also helps the couple to determine the most fertile period, if the cycle is irregular.
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